Should you be concerned about blood in your stool?

Finding blood in your stools can be quite distressing. Though this symptom can sometimes be due to benign causes, it may also be an early warning of more serious conditions, such as colorectal cancer. This article will try to explain the possible causes, the signs that should raise concern, and the importance of early screening to better understand this phenomenon.

What is blood in the stools?

Blood in the stool, medically termed "hematochezia" (bright red blood) or "melena" (black, tarry stools), is a sign of bleeding somewhere in the digestive tract. The color and amount of blood in the stool can give a hint about the origin of the problem.

• Bright red blood: Usually related to a cause in the lower part of the digestive tract, such as the rectum or anus.
• Black blood: Due to bleeding from the upper part, like the stomach or esophagus.

Common Causes of Bleeding in the Stool:

1. Hemorrhoids - a condition always causing bright-colored blood, frequently accompanied by painful processes or itching symptoms. They occur in the inner lining of a person’s bottom.
2. Anal fissures - Small tears in the aftermath of passing hard stool or periods of constipation.
3. Diverticulosis - Conditions characterized by the development of small pouches along the inside wall of your colon, which may develop bleeding occasionally.
4. Intestinal infections - The causative organisms being usually types of bacteria and viruses.
5. Colonic polyps - Fleshy growths inside the colon that, if left untreated, can become cancerous.

On the other hand, a very small amount of blood may still be an early warning of a more severe condition, even cancer, so visiting a doctor or health professional is highly recommended.

When Does Blood in the Stool Indicate Cancer?

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Usually, it affects those over 45 years old; however, recently, cases among young adults have shown an upward trend. Here are the warning signs:

• Presence of blood in the stool: Especially when it is colored or of altered consistency.
• Frequency of abdominal pain: Unexplained cramps or pain may be part of a problem.
• Unexplained weight loss: When you lose weight without dieting or exercising.
• Extreme fatigue: Often due to anemia from chronic blood loss.
• Changes in bowel habits: Persistent constipation or diarrhea with no known cause.

Diagnosis and Medical Examinations

If one notices blood in the stool, they should seek medical help immediately. The doctor may order a number of tests to try to find the source:

1. Physical examination: This is done by inspecting the anus and rectum for hemorrhoids or fissures.
2. Stool analysis: This involves checking for microscopic traces of blood in the stool.
3. Colonoscopy: This is a visual look into the colon using a camera, looking for polyps or tumors.
4. Endoscopy: If the suspicion of bleeding is in the upper digestive tract.

These tests confirm not only the presence of cancer but also enable early intervention if necessary.

Why Early Screening is Important

Colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers if it is caught in its early stages. If diagnosed early, the survival rate often surpasses 90%. Therefore:

• People over 45 years: The age group should consider routine screening tests.
• People with family medical history: One should consult a doctor to identify their risk level.

Preventing Colorectal Cancer

It is possible to significantly lower the risk of colorectal cancer by simply maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Here's how:

1. Follow a healthy diet:
   • Prefer fiber, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
   • Limit the consumption of red and processed meats.
2. Exercise regularly: Moving at least 30 minutes a day reduces the risk.
3. Avoid alcohol and tobacco: These are risk factors.
4. Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is a risk factor.
5. Monitor your bowel habits: Pay attention to any changes to catch problems early.

Treatments in Case of Diagnosis

If colorectal cancer is diagnosed, treatment options include the following, depending on the stage of the disease:

1. Surgery: To remove the tumor or polyps.
2. Chemotherapy: To kill remaining cancer cells.
3. Radiotherapy: May be given with surgery or chemotherapy.
4. Immunotherapy: May be an option for certain types of colorectal cancer.

Dispelling Fears About Screening

Some examinations, like a colonoscopy, make people very scared of the results or even embarrassed. Such tests are very fast and painless, yet they save lives. Never wait for symptoms to worsen before doing anything.

Blood in the stool does not point to cancer, but it is a warning that should be taken care of as soon as possible. A difference between an easily passing discomfort and a serious illness may be made by early diagnosis, which will find the exact cause. Be careful with your health and never hesitate to consult a professional if you notice some abnormal signs.

If you’re over 45 or if there are cases of colorectal cancer in your family, regular screening is your best ally in preserving your health.